Thursday, September 3, 2020

Female Serial Killers Essay

The captivating thing about ladies is that they regularly tend to not have the normal attributes of a sequential executioner that a male will in general show prior on throughout everyday life. In spite of the fact that not in every case completely recognized, there are numerous early indications of a possible sequential executioner. These later become the attributes of a sequential executioner. The most widely recognized quality of a sequential executioner is creature misuse. This specific trademark is ordinarily observed during a sequential executioners adolescence. Numerous sequential executioners consider this to be â€Å"practice†. Therapists portray this early indication of murdering as a psychological issue that ought not be overlooked. Another profoundly normal attribute of sequential executioner is an individual who appreciates lighting fires, also called Pyromaniacs. The individuals that have this trademark will in general get explicitly excited just from lighting a fire. A notable Pyromaniac was Joseph Kallinger who portrayed lighting a fire as a great delight. Additionally a typical trademark would be bed wetting. Numerous sequential executioners will in general wet the bed past youthfulness. Kenneth Bianchi, an American sequential executioner, burned through the vast majority of his adulthood wetting the bed. A messed up home has been noted to be a quality of a sequential executioner. Growing up father-less or mother-less profoundly influences a youthful prospective sequential killer’s life. Female sequential executioners share just a portion of these qualities, for example, creature misuse. Ladies tend not to show qualities until some other time throughout everyday life. Now and again they don't show qualities. Most female sequential executioners kill for extensive stretches of times and unobtrusively dissimilar to her kindred male executioner. Female sequential executioners quite often have a solid intention driving them to perpetrate these appalling wrongdoings and circumstantially they are frequently comparable. In the event that a female sequential executioner is recognized by a network the individuals in that network will in general accept that since she is a lady, in this way the more fragile sex, she was some way or another forced or exploited by her sweetheart to murder. (Davis, 2001). Many will not accept that a lady is equipped for slaughtering on her own terms. Ladies have a wide range of explanations behind slaughtering yet consistently and the different homicide cases that happen where a lady is the killer, the rationale is quite often. The majority of the ladies who will in general execute are in incredible obligation and needing a fast and simple way out. Beauty Gunness, who was viewed as one of the most noticeably awful sequential executioners in American History, did only this. Beauty murdered every last bit of her youngsters and spouses just to gather life coverage, cash, and different resources. (Edwards, 2012). She additionally received more kids so as to rehash the way toward gathering the protection and pulled off doing as such for a long time. Another homicide case in which the essential thought process happened to be cash was the Olga Rutter Schmidt and Helen Golay case. These two ladies in their 70’s directed a $2. 3 Million protection misrepresentation murder plot. Helen and Olga gave asylum and food to Paul Vados and Paul McDavid sufficiently long to have great measure of cash to profit by if these two men were to pass. There were different protection designs that gave these two ladies benefits when the two vagrants were murdered.

Wednesday, August 26, 2020

Psychology – Experiment on Stress

Presentation In this trial we will portray pressure and demonstrate by what method can a drawn out work to it negatively affect memory. The meaning of pressure utilized in this test is: trouble one endures that causes stress, enthusiastic strain or loss of fixation. The motivation behind why this subject has been picked is on the grounds that pressure is a piece of these days, rushed society and it has an entirely perceptible impact on people’s execution, in either work or every day life. The result of this analysis could be utilized in a few fields, for example, training; to help lessen the measure of pressure understudies manage, so their evaluations could be improved.The results could likewise be utilized to upgrade and lift employer’s proficiency, in the work environment field. The speculation is to test how transient distressing circumstances can prompt memory brokenness. The invalid theory, then again, is that pressure has no effect on memory at all. The point of this trial is to demonstrate how pressure produces memory issues. II. Plan The most productive and simplest approach to do this analysis would utilize rehashed measures, utilizing a similar example of members in the two arrangements of conditions, deluding members to stay away from any inside legitimacy issue.Allowing quite a while hole between conditions or changing the referenced conditions would maintain a strategic distance from members from discovering the point of the trial, or biasing it. Single visually impaired is the best strategy that can be utilized in this trial, restricted to twofold visually impaired, which would be insignificant, in such a case that members are told the point they may show improvement over they would do in a typical life circumstance, and the investigation would lose it’s reliability.Since it’s a momentary based trial and a similar example of members is utilized for the two conditions, the trial gathering would play out a progression of memory-testing exercises, and later on, the benchmark group would play out similar errands however affected by some wellspring of worry, for this situation, noisy music. There are no moral concerns included in light of the fact that no member would leave with any sort of stress or outrage, and they wouldn't be presented to noisy music for quite a while. They would likewise be questioned toward the finish of the study.The Independent Variable (IV) is the measure of pressure got by any mean, and the Dependent Variable (DV) is memory execution. Different factors that will be recognized, since they are thought to affect the outcomes are the accompanying: past degree of worry of members, temperature of the room where the trial is being held, room’ dividers shading, participant’s past weariness or mind-set, among others, which could be effortlessly maintained a strategic distance from by performing yoga classes and controlling the room were the test is being completed. III. ParticipantsSince the objective populace is individuals living in Spain from the age of 16 to individuals matured 66, both male and female, it remembers an extremely huge number of individuals for which the results of this examination will be centered around, and along these lines, an immense objective populace to look over so as to get members for the investigation. Accordingly, the best inspecting strategy that could be utilized would be amount examining, as it permits the specialist to separate the objective populace into different sub-gatherings, which for this situation would exclusively be age and sexual orientation, in light of the fact that no different factors can influence/inclination the results of this experiment.Then, from this preset sub-gatherings, the analyst would intentionally select what number of individuals is required and what attributes this individuals must have. There would be 5 sub-bunches dependent on age and sexual orientation (each gathering extending 1 0 years), each gathering including the absolute number of 25 individuals (5 for each gathering ). Members would be requested assent in the wake of utilizing them as the example. IV. Materials required for this analysis are essentially those including any lab-related experiment.The essential materials would be a research center room or a homeroom, outfitted with tables, work areas and seats, just as a board. Another room would be required so as to play out the loosen up treatment meetings that would be valuable for the test, so a wide range of gear identified with yoga is required, for example, mats, light loads, and so forth. The other sort of material that is utilized is polls on pressure members may have before playing out any action, a rundown of words for members to retain, and a lot of speakers, which will be the genuine wellspring of stress.V. Strategies * Gather members in a room and have them do a pressure poll to perceive what is their present degree of stress. * With the c onsequences of such polls split members up into two gatherings, one including the more focused on individuals, and the other gathering the rest of the individuals, members ought to remain misdirected until the finish of the analysis. * Have members from the two gatherings take yoga classes (or any comparable action with a similar reason) so their degree of stress is decreased and halfway equivalent to one another.These meetings ought not keep going for longer than 30 minutes. * This being done, have a short gathering meeting with them to see whether the loosening up movement was useful and helpful, assuming this is the case, carry on to subsequent stage; if not, record the members name so as to utilize this factors as an advantage while assessing the outcomes. * Make members retain a rundown of 10 words with no outer improvements, for example, clamor or visual interruption, being given no longer than 10 minutes. Assess the limit of the members to retain such words by giving them a t est where they need to record the greatest number of words they can recollect. * Afterwards, make members sit tight for 15 minutes in a stay with a wellspring of worry, for this situation, clamor originating from speakers, like the one delivered by whistles. At that point, give every member the subsequent condition, another rundown of 10 words with comparative spelling and same syntax classification, yet at the same time applying the wellspring of stress.However, members won't be informed that scientists are engaging this wellspring of stress. They are given 10 minutes. * Have them work out a ‘quiz’ testing them on what number of words they had the option to remember in this condition. * If any member was indicating any side effect of being pushed or not feeling better, make the member take some yoga classes so they leave the examination with no pressure; question members so the investigation meets every single moral necessity. VI. AnalysisThe got information is quantit ative on the grounds that it is taken from the memory tests performed all through the investigation, and a decent manner by which it could be introduced outwardly and adequately would be by utilizing structured presentations, for example, the accompanying, filled in with the recorded information. This chart lets us see the connection between members in the two conditions, and effectively think about exhibitions. On the off chance that members were met in the wake of playing out the tests, we would likewise have subjective information that would make our outcomes more reliable.An region that could be investigated on in the wake of playing out this analysis could be the way a delayed composition to stress could influence memory, as a method of investigating potential starters of mental diseases, for example, Alzheimer, and so forth. The results of this test could be applied in an assortment of genuine circumstances since stress is at an expanding rate in our cutting edge social orders , and concentrating how it may influence people’s life is fundamental. With such outcomes, we could talk about how stress may gradually be crumbling an individual’s subjective limits, for example, memory, or totally invalidate our underlying hypothesis.The test was completed with the most conceivable exactness and lack of involvement from the scientist so as to stay away from any type of specialist inclination. Members were not told the point of the examination or the theory; they were misled to bar participant’s inclination, for example, request qualities or the ‘screw-you effect’. Nonetheless, a potential issue that could assume utilizing a similar example of members for the two conditions is that the point of the examination could be discovered and in this manner, members could by one way or another inclination the study.Even however specialists attempted to consider every single imaginable variable to decrease the potential consequences for the outcomes, some couldn’t be controlled, similar to the disposition of members or their past article to worry for the duration of their lives, a significant factor that can predisposition the investigation. What's more, there’s an absence of biological legitimacy in light of the fact that the examination was acted in a lab and not in the participant’s indigenous habitat where they are utilized to, so they probably won't act regularly in a lab domain.

Saturday, August 22, 2020

Impacts of International Economics

Worldwide financial aspects might be barely depicted as the cooperation and connection of monetary exercises between different nations around the world. Then again, global financial matters is worried on the impacts of worldwide contrasts on financial aspects according to profitability and customer inclinations. Essentially, universal financial aspects centers around connection between various nations in the parts of exchange, relocation and investment.Advertising We will compose a custom exposition test on Impacts of International Economics explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More International financial matters looks to recognize methods of improving the worldwide commercial center since every single national economy have been incorporated into one. This has happened following the expanding headways in innovation consequently getting changes monetary strategies just as carrying hindrances to exchange and fund. Thus, financial collaborations have expanded over the prev ious decades prompting resulting worldwide monetary development. One of the most huge effects of global financial matters is the expanded linkage between low pay countries and the high pay countries. This has come about to interest of poor countries/forming nations into worldwide creation, money and exchange. The general outcome is the mix of national economies through exchange, profitability just as fund. Capital inflows are quickly expanding because of remote ventures this direct outside speculation underscores the pretended by worldwide enterprises in worldwide creation n exchange. As expressed before, headways in innovation have decreased the expenses of transportation and correspondence among countries and this thusly has come about to separated worth chain of creation subsequently expanded paces of imports and fares the world over. This has empowered the affixing out of the various procedures of creation in various pieces of the world relying upon the relative focal points of the creation stages. Along these lines, investment of countries in the creation procedure is guaranteed just as financial development for such countries. The other noteworthy part of worldwide financial aspects is the expanded concordance among monetary foundations everywhere throughout the world. In spite of the way that there have been impersonations in financial organizations between different countries, there is an incredible part of harmonization in such foundations commitments of arrangements concerning exchange, coordination of speculation and tax collection approaches, banking organization including transformation of different monetary forms just as strategies on outside ventures. Such arrangements have united numerous countries, for example, the bi-national assessment settlements and other European associations. Be that as it may, universal financial aspects which has escalated globalization around the world has raised a ton of discussions with respect to the suggestions re quired between the creating and created nations. Therefore, strategies are being actualized to guarantee that globalization brings out most extreme financial development in creating nations. Correspondingly, a great deal of discussions have been raised on whether universal financial matters are advertisers of market steadiness or really sabotages the equivalent. There is dread of breakdown of developing markets the extent that globalization is concerned.Advertising Looking for paper on business financial matters? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn taking everything into account, universal financial aspects is worried about the mix of worldwide financial matters regarding exchange, fund and different assets. Such collaborations incorporate universal exchange which includes streams of merchandise and ventures between countries, assurance of elements of interest and assurance of factors of strategy execution. The other perspective inc ludes global account which examines inflow of capital coming about because of worldwide markets through observing trade rates as to money related markets. Every one of these perspectives have had the extraordinary effect of uniting numerous countries on different parts of financial aspects. Thusly, both creating and created nations have had the chance to partake in adding to the worldwide economy just as improving national monetary development. This exposition on Impacts of International Economics was composed and presented by client Finnegan Mcclure to help you with your own examinations. You are allowed to utilize it for research and reference purposes so as to compose your own paper; nonetheless, you should refer to it in like manner. You can give your paper here.

Analysis of Ethanol in Moonshine Free Essays

Examination of Ethanol in Moonshine| Using the GC-MS| Jennifer Greene| â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€- 4 May 2012 â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€- 4 May 2012 Introduction: In this investigation gas chromatography is applied to isolate the water-ethanol blend. This strategy is regularly utilized in the assurance of liquor in blood or pee. One evident application is when law authorization organizations need to decide if somebody is intoxicated. We will compose a custom exposition test on Investigation of Ethanol in Moonshine or then again any comparable theme just for you Request Now In these cases, high affectability is required since 0. 1% blood liquor content is viewed as legitimately inebriated in many states. Our own assurance will manage higher fixations (up to 25% by volume) which are progressively run of the mill of liquor levels found in numerous mixed refreshments. Chromatography is a physical strategy for detachment wherein the parts to be isolated are circulated between two stages, one of the stages establishing a fixed bed of enormous surface territory, the other being a liquid that permeates through or along the fixed bed Gas chromatography (GC) is a ground-breaking and broadly utilized device for the partition, recognizable proof and quantitation of segments in a blend. In this procedure, an example is changed over to the fume state and a streaming stream of transporter gas (regularly helium or nitrogen) clears the example into a thermally-controlled segment. On account of gas-fluid chromatography, the section is typically pressed with strong particles that are covered with a non-unstable fluid, alluded to as the fixed stage. As the example blend travels through the segment, test segments that connect emphatically with the fixed stage invest more energy in the fixed stage versus the moving gas stage and accordingly require more opportunity to travel through the segment. The objective of GC is to isolate and recognize parts of a blend as effectively as could be expected under the circumstances and it is consequently attractive to have a proportion of the proficiency of a given chromatographic segment. One regular approach to communicate section proficiency is by computing the tallness equal to a hypothetical plate (HETP) which is the length of the segment isolated by the quantity of hypothetical plates. HETP = l/n The quantity of hypothetical plates (n) of a section regarding a specific compound can be discovered utilizing the accompanying condition: N = 16(tr/w)2 = 5. 55(tr/w1/2)2 Where w is the pinnacle width estimated in indistinguishable units from tr and w1/2 is the pinnacle width estimated at half of the pinnacle stature. Materials: GC-MS with database| Vials with lids| Cherry moonshine| Disposable pipettes| Ethanol 100%| | Procedure: 1. Set up technique to: Set â€Å"Detector A† On (Thermal Conductivity Detector) Packed Column Head Pressure: 30 psi Column: Carbowax 20M, 1/8†³ OD, length = 6 feet Oven Temperature: 110 °C Detector Temperature: 150 °C Injection Temperature: 150 °C 2. With the dispensable pipette fill separate vials with the cherry moonshine and unadulterated ethanol. . Run the system at that point characterize the ethanol top with three extra pinnacles. This is the chromatograph for Cherry Moonshine. This is the chromatograph for Cherry Moonshine. Information: The blue bolts are highlighting the ethanol top. The blue bolts are highlighting the ethanol top. Decision: Chromatography is a physical strategy for division where the segments to be isolated are disseminated between two stages, one of the stages comprising a fixed bed of enormous surface zone, the other being a liquid that permeates through or along the fixed bed. Gas chromatography (GC) is an incredible and broadly utilized instrument for the partition, distinguishing proof and quantitation of segments in a blend. In this procedure, an example is changed over to the fume state and a streaming stream of bearer gas (frequently helium or nitrogen) clears the example into a thermally-controlled segment. On account of gas-fluid chromatography, the segment is normally stuffed with strong particles that are covered with a non-unpredictable fluid, alluded to as the fixed stage. As the example blend travels through the segment, test parts that cooperate emphatically with the fixed stage invest more energy in the fixed stage versus the moving gas stage and in this manner require more opportunity to travel through the segment. This investigation showed how the examination of an obscure substance can be resolved from the different pinnacles. In the event that you select an individual top on the chromatograph, the database will raise potential matches of the compound. You would need to take a gander at the mass spectrograph of that top to check whether it coordinates the compound of intrigue. On the off chance that it does, at that point you have affirmed one exacerbate that is available in the substance. In the event that it's anything but a match, keep on looking through the database until you affirm the peak’s personality. From this trial, the top for ethanol was not decided utilizing the mass spectrograph of the gas chromatography; be that as it may, we ran unadulterated ethanol on the GC-MS and contrasted the two chromatographs with decide the ethanol top. The most effective method to refer to Analysis of Ethanol in Moonshine, Papers

Friday, August 21, 2020

The Gaelic Athletic Association Essay -- Essays Papers

The Gaelic Athletic Association After the Great Potato Famine in the nation of Ireland, the way of life and pride of the land started to vanish. The Irish had lost around one million individuals after this disaster struck the land, and the Irish spirit was low. Individuals started to emigrate to different nations and British traditions and language were starting to dominate. It became apparent that the Irish required a social insurgency to reestablish the sum total of what that had been lost in their way of life. The answer for this issue was found in the creation the Gaelic Athletic Association. While its principle center may have just seemed to include sports, it was compelling in the social and political insurgencies to come later on. The GAA has been depicted as a total greater than its parts on account of the way that it included such huge numbers of a larger number of parts of Irish life than just games (Fair). The restoration was seen by a great many people as a successful method to enter the advanced world as an Irish country rather being related with Britain. Ireland was at an essential part in its history and the GAA assumed a significant job in legislative issues and in reestablishing the Irish pride that makes Ireland so celebrated today. It is for the most part seen that the GAA had the greatest effect on Irish society during this truly temperamental timeframe on the grounds that it spread the nation like prairie fire. (Gaelic Athletic Association). Sports assumed a significant job in Irish culture and it was fundamental to arrange them as most ideal with respect to the individuals of Ireland. The Gaelic Athletic Association was sorted out by Michael Cusack in 1885 to reestablish conventional Irish games that had been overwhelmed by British games (Hutchinson 158). Games, for example, heaving and Gaelic football were restored to give the Irish games to relate... ...d that Ireland had a one of a kind and fascinating social personality through crafted by writing during this timeframe (Hachney and Hernon a McCaffrey 142). The significance of the Gaelic Athletic Association can be seen in the effect it has had on Irish society in the twentieth century. When Irish spirit was exhausted and social personality was nearly non-existent, the GAA reestablished both through the games and projects it made. These games united the Irish as a country and improved the general state of Ireland. The nationalistic emotions that the GAA brought to Ireland turned into the main thrust for the uprisings to come sooner rather than later and the political culture was legitimized through GAA impact. Indeed the GAA has helped out Ireland than just arranging sports, and have molded the Irish country that exists today.

Wednesday, August 12, 2020

Grad School, Law School, and Med School Applicants Why You Shouldnt Go to an Ivy League College

Grad School, Law School, and Med School Applicants Why You Shouldnt Go to an Ivy League College The Essay Expert was published today (July 1, 2010) on igrad.com  on why you need to do your research before choosing a school for graduate school, law school, or medical school.   Read the full article HERE.

Saturday, June 20, 2020

Acquisition of Wyeth by Pfizer - Free Essay Example

Financial Management Acquisition of Wyeth by Pfizer Table of Contents 1Introduction 2Strengthening of Market Position 3Operational and Economic Benefits 4Financial Benefits 5Conclusion References 1 Introduction Neo-classical theories see mergers and acquisitions (MAs) as efficiency improvement measure taken by the organizations in response to industry challenges such as deteriorating profitability, reducing market share, duplication of resources, stringent industry regulation etc. (Jovanovic and Rousseau, 2002). However, neo-classical theory alone cannot describe a wide range of reasons that force the companies to merge together or adopt an acquisition strategy (horizontal or vertical acquisition) to obtain or sustain a competitive advantage by achieving synergy, diversify business portfolio to distribute risk, attain growth, increase bargaining power with buyers and suppliers or to simply eliminate competition (Marks Mirvis, 2013). This paper will discuss the case of biggest acquisition in the pharmaceutical industry with the acquisition of Wyeth by Pfizer in January 2009 for $68 billion, the second biggest acquisition in the history of corporate America since ATT and BellSouths US$7 0 billion deal in March 2006 (Pfizer, 2009). The acquisition of Wyeth was a cash-and-stock transaction valued, based on the closing market price of Pfizerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s common stock on the acquisition date, at $50.19 per share of Wyeth common stock (Pfizer, 2009). At the time of this acquisition Wyeth was generating $22.4 billion in sales with a bottom line of $4.6 billion and Pfizer generated net revenues of $48.3 billion and the net income of $8.1 billion (Pfizer, 2008). The completion of acquisition in October 2009 made Pfizer the largest pharmaceutical company in the world with potential savings of $4 billion from the usage of common resources and elimination of inefficiencies in the supply chain. However, under this deal Pfizer had to repatriate billions of revenue dollars from foreign subsidiaries to the US, resulting in higher tax costs and waste of value (Pfizer, 2009). This merger was also criticized by Harvard University Professor Gary Pisano, who commented on this news à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“the record of big mergers and acquisitions in Big Pharma has just not been good. Thereà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s just been an enormous amount of shareholder wealth destroyedà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  (Karnitschnig Rockoff, 2009). A quick comparison of the two companies at the time of announcement of acquisition is shown in figure-1 and various aspects of this acquisition and the benefits reaped by Pfizer are critically analyzed in the following sections. Figure 1 Comparison of Pfizer and Wyeth in 2009. Source: Karnitschnig Rockoff (2009) 2 Strengthening of Market Position The biopharmaceutical industry is a major source of medical innovation, where RD drives the success of the company and also constitutes almost 17-25% of its expenses (Danzon, 2014). The pharma industry is highly competitive due to stringent regulations and longer times to market their drugs as they seek approval from relevant governmental agencies (for example Food and Drug Administration à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" FDA in the USA) that set the safety, efficacy and quality of manufacturing as a prerequisite to market the drug to consumers (Danzon, 2014). Other industry challenges include the loss or expiration of intellectual property rights that allow low cost generic brands to enter the market and drive down the prices, the pipeline productivity, pricing and access pressures and increasing competition among branded products (Pfizer, 2009). So, in response to these challenges in the operating environment Pfizer made an attempt to strengthen its market position by acquiring Wyeth that en abled the company to diversify its product portfolio with the inclusion of vaccines, biologics, small molecules and nutrition across developed and emerging markets. This synergistic effect is shown in figure-2. Figure 2 Synergies from the acquisition of Wyeth by Pfizer. Source: NYTimes (2009) Despite the criticism surrounding the merger of two pharma giants and the unfavorable economic conditions amid global economic downturn, the Wall Street and the major banks supported this is acquisition because of beneficial market position and lent $26 billion to support the acquisition deal (NYTimes, 2009). With this acquisition, Pfizer has consolidated its position as the market leader by entering previously untouched market segments pertaining to oncology, pain, inflammation, Alzheimerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s disease, psychoses and diabetes, as well as the critical technologies of vaccines and biologics. This acquisition will also help Pfizer to achieve its aim to become the top-tier biotherapeutics company by 2015 and it will also gain growth in emerging markets of Brazil, India, Russia and China (Pfizer, 2009). 3 Operational and Economic Benefits The literature points to the fact that horizontal MAs, such as Pfizer-Wyeth, achieve more operating efficiencies and economies of scale than vertical ones (Maksimovic and Phillips, 2001). The operational and economic benefits have also been recognized by the chief executive of Pfizer, Jeffery B. Kindler who commented à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Our combined company will be one of the most diversified in the industry and will benefit from complementary patient-centric units that match speed with the benefits of a global companyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s scale and resourcesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  (NYTimes, 2009). Firstly, Pfizer expects to save $4 billion annually by combining and streamlining its operations with Wyeth due to lower and more flexible cost base for the combined operations that helped in cutting down the production overhead, RD, and the number of employees (NY Times, 2009, Pfizer, 2009). Secondly, the infusion of new ideas, perspectives and processes can produce lasting benefits that are broader and deeper than initially expected by the companies (Vermeulen, 2005). In this case, the existing patents and the ongoing research at Wyeth added complementary capabilities to Pfizer, which benefitted from diversified product portfolio of consumer and nutritional drugs (Stempel Schiffer, 2009). This acquisition will also help the company in depicting higher performance in innovation and technological knowledge generation, resulting in higher quality drugs in future (Makri et al., 2010). The operational and economic benefits of this acquisition can also be shown through the ratio analysis of Pfizer before and after acquisition as shown in figure-3 and figure-4. Figure 3 Profit Margins of Pfizer before and after acquisition of Wyeth in 2009. Source: Financial statements of Pfizer from 2008 2012 Figure 4 ROA and ROE of Pfizer before and after acquisition of Wyeth in 2009. Source: Financial statements of Pfizer from 2008 à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" 2012 It can be seen in bot h the aforementioned figures that all the performance metrics fell immediately after acquisition, but over next three years the performance measures met or exceeded their initial values before acquisition, thereby pointing to cost savings, reduction in inefficiencies, increase in productivity, enhanced operational performance, better asset utilization and increased profitability. 4 Financial Benefits Stock markets often behave irrationally or inappropriately to the news of acquisition, especially, when it involves large companies, but the evidence shows that if an acquirer makes a cash offer to purchase the company; it ends up earning longà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å"run abnormal returns due to non-dilution of earnings per share (EPS), as compare to stock offerings that earn negative long-run abnormal returns (Loughran Vijh, 1997). Under the deal of this acquisition the Pfizer paid $50.19 per share of Wyeth using a mixed structure of cash and equity à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬  $33 a share in cash and 0.985 Pfizer shares worth $17.19 a share based on Pfizerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s closing price, and paid almost 29% premium over the actual company valuation per share (Karnitschnig, 2009). This deal was immediately appreciated by the stock market resulting in the shares of Wyeth to increase by 12.96% (by $4.91) and the shares of Pfizer to climb by 1.4% or 24 cents (Karnitschnig, 2009). The acquisition of Wyeth has highly beneficial to Pfizer financially, because Pfizer was facing a pressing challenge of its patent (or exclusivity) expiration of Lipitor, a cholesterol lowering drug that accounted for almost 25% of its revenue stream as being the best cholesterol control in the world. Although, the loss of exclusivity on this drug in 2011 costed Pfizer a projected loss of $12 billion, not much has been solved with the acquisition of Wyeth as 14 other drug patents are scheduled to expire in 2014 with a projected loss of $35 billion (Pfizer, 2010). However, some of these lost revenues have been compensated by the legacy drug brands of Wyeth as the revenues of Pfizer in 2010 increased by 36% to $67.8 billion, compared to $50.0 billion in 2009. This financial growth was achieved due to the inclusion of revenues from legacy Wyeth products for a full year in 2010 compared to part of the year in 2009, which favorably impacted revenues by $18.1 billion or 37% (Pfizer, 2010). The silver li ning in this discussion is that such challenges are not unique to Pfizer and its competitor drug makers Merck, Bristol Myers Squibb and Eli Lilly are all facing their own patent losses in the next couple of years. Despite these financial benefits, Pfizer has faced a major cost of acquisition in the form of added taxes resulting from the repatriating the billions of dollars in the US as a part of acquisition deal and this resulted in the effective tax rate increase from 17% in 2008 to 20.3% in 2009 amounting to $2.1 billion in taxes in 2009 up from $1.6 billion in 2008 (Pfizer, 2009). 5 Conclusion In conclusion, the financial performance metrics are an obvious indicator of success of this acquisition as the company has successfully created value for its shareholders and has gained sustained market advantage in prevailing highly competitive operating environment. Although, in doing so the company has destroyed some value due to increased tax burden and the threat of loss of revenue due to expiring patents still looms at large, the companyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s increased capability to invest in RD and develop next breakthrough drug (like Lipitor) will be the sole decider of its future performance. References Danzon, P. (2014).Economics of the Pharmaceutical Industry. [ONLINE] Available at:https://www.nber.org/reporter/fall06/danzon.html. [Accessed 13 February 2014]. Jovanovic, B., Rousseau, P. (2002). The q-theory of mergers. American Economic Review, 92, 198à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å"204. Karnitschnig, M, Rockoff, J. D. (2009). Pfizer in Talks to Buy Wyeth WSJ.com. [ONLINE] Available at: https://online.wsj.com/news/articles/SB123268511212809429. [Accessed 13 February 2014]. Karnitschnig, M. (2009).Pfizer to Pay $68 Billion for Wyeth WSJ.com. [ONLINE] Available at:https://online.wsj.com/news/articles/SB123293456420414421. [Accessed 13 February 2014]. Loughran, T., Vijh, A., 1997. Do long-term shareholders benefit from corporate acquisitions? Journal of Finance, 52, 1765à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å"1790. Maksimovic, V., Phillips, G., 2001. The Market for Corporate Assets: Who Engages in Mergers and Asset Sales and Are There Efficiency Gains? Journal of Finance, 56(6), 2019à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ Å"2065. Makri, M., Hitt, A. M., Lane, P. J. (2010). Complementary Technologies, Knowledge Relatedness, and Invention Outcomes in High Technology Mergers and Acquisitions. Strategic Management Journal, 31(6), 602-628. Marks, M. L., Mirvis, P. H. (2013). The merger syndrome.Mergers Acquisitions: A Critical Reader, 149. NYTimes (2009). Pfizer Agrees to Pay $68 Billion for Rival Drug Maker Wyeth. [ONLINE] Available at: https://www.nytimes.com/2009/01/26/business/26drug.html?pagewanted=all_r=2. [Accessed 13 February 2014]. Pfizer (2008). Pfizer 2008 Financial Performance Overview. [ONLINE] Available at: https://www.pfizer.com/files/annualreport/2008/financial/financial2008.pdf. [Accessed 13 February 2014]. Pfizer (2009). Pfizer Wyeth 2009 Financial Performance Overview. [ONLINE] Available at: https://www.pfizer.com/files/annualreport/2009/financial/financial2009.pdf. [Accessed 13 February 2014]. Pfizer (2010). Pfizer Wyeth 2009 Financial Performance Overview. [ONLINE] Available at: https://www.pfizer.com/files/annualreport/2010/financial/financial2010.pdf. [Accessed 13 February 2014]. Stempel, A. S., Schiffer D., 2009. Pfizer-Wyeth: Lessons from the First Major Merger Review of the Obama Administration. The Threshold ¸ Vol. XI(1), 6-96. Vermulen, F. (2005).How Acquisitions Can Revitalize Companies | MIT Sloan Management Review. [ONLINE] Available at: https://sloanreview.mit.edu/article/how-acquisitions-can-revitalize-companies/. [Accessed 13 February 2014]. Page 1 of 10

Saturday, May 23, 2020

Personal Narrative My Best Friend - 906 Words

Jordan, I can t tell you how many times I ve picked up the phone wanting to call you. I miss talking to you. I miss my best friend. Yes, I can honestly say this now since I have had time to think, you really were my best friend. I told you things that I had never told anyone else. I had always felt that I could tell you what was on my mind; without judgement or feeling insecure. I miss talking openly to you more than anything. So, I thought I would write you this letter (a no filter letter) just to be sure that you actually get it. Please bare with me my writing is horrible and I haven t written a letter in years. Eight to be exact. Yes, I broke yet another phone and now everyone says they are not recieving my messages and I am not recieving theirs... Without further ado I just wanted to say that I AM SORRY. There are so many things I am sorry for, but the thing I regret the most is not listening to you and not being honest. Well that, and being hypocritical. So, basically my behavior this past month or so. That night when you told me your fears about not having children and my disease hurt. I basically shut my brain down and didn t listen to what you had to say. I felt like my worst fear had come true. That there really was no such thing as love for me. I didn t stop to listen to your fear about children it seemed pale in comparison to my deepest fear. You see you had realized what I had already known before I met you. There is nothing I can do to change this but IShow MoreRelatedPersonal Narrative : My Best Friend1210 Words   |  5 PagesSunday, my friends and I were eating a meal of thick stew and crusty bread and drinking a pitcher of hot, spiced, and very watered-down wine. We’d chosen my room because it was the biggest and therefore had the most space for practicing weaponry, our afternoon plan. My friends ate and made small talk. We saw each other most days so sometimes it seemed like we ran out of real things to talk about. I was somewhat lost in my thoughts, about us and about our futures. Koilin was my best friend. He wasRead MorePersonal Narrative : My Best Friend1052 Words   |  5 PagesI Threw my books on the bed and approached the jacket slowly, as if it were Andrew Garfield who would become my best friend. I couldn t look away, I wanted to scream. The jacket would be my new best friend. The leather black and silver studs, the belts, and best of all being popular. This jacket is no ordinary jacket, this is my jacket. I heard steps coming up stairs, my mom stopped by and asked if I like it. I yelled yes with excitement and joy. She left, I stared at the jacket like whenRead MorePersonal Narrative : My Best Friend1080 Words   |  5 Pageswent downstairs to get my older brother so we could finish the vlog, but Caleb laid on the couch unresponsive. As I called his name while walking down the stairs, I realized something was wrong. â€Å"Caleb† I yelled tears pouring out of my eyes as I found him, not breathing. He was dead. My best friend, my brother, the only person who made me really happy, was gone forever. I couldn t imagine what I was going to do without him. I loved him more than anyone in my life he was my hero. It s octoberRead MorePersonal Narrative : My Best Friend757 Words   |  4 PagesI’m Wendy. And no, I look nothing like the perfect happy smiling girl that you all associate with the restaurant. I am 5’6’’ and 13 years old. I have wavy, short, caramel hair and brown eyes, with a light spattering of freckles. My favorite colors are blue and gray, but yellow is such a pretty sunny color... it just doesn t look good on me. I go to North-West Independence Middle School. In case you were wondering, that is in middle of nowhere Nebraska. It is like a scene from an old movie, no colorRead MorePersonal Narrative : My Best Friend940 Words   |  4 Pages Looking back, I remind myself that friends are temporary, but memories are forever. This was going to be our last night together, Cesli and I. Cesli Crum was my best friend that I met in third grade. That year came and went, and though in fourth grade Cesli was held back, we still vowed to always be best friends. Then, that winter of two thousand fourteen, her family decided to move away. I felt devastated, so my mom agreed to have Cesli over one evening right before she left. Thus that is whatRead MorePersonal Narrative : My Best Friend1369 Words   |  6 Pagesreason my palms were sweaty and I had butterflies doing loopty-loops in my stomach. I was on my way to visit Julia, one of my best friends at the time. The whole way there, in bumper to bumper traffic, I reflected on all of my memories with her, including playing on a fallen, rotten tree and pretending that it was milk chocolate shop. As little girls, we would dress up in glittery, razzled costumes and sing our hearts out, which continued well into our teen years when she drove me to school my freshmanRead MorePersonal Narrative : My Best Friend1034 Words   |  5 Pagesbeen my best friend since I was deported to this horrid tent city. My spouse and daughter died in the floods of Grimsdon. Every thought of them, cripples me with grief instantly, my heart and soul ached for my precious daughter and partner bring me to tears. Thankfully, I met . Ella, who, whilst she could never replace my biological Family, I feel she is now like a much-loved sister to me. She is the only light when there is so much darkness, surrounding us. Suddenly, out of the corner of my eyeRead MorePersonal Narrative : My Best Friend1033 Words   |  5 Pageshim cuddling into his side shaking from the cold. We d been outside for over an hour, in barely any clothes. My face edged with tear streaks and bags under my eyes. I had mascara smudged across my right cheek and my makeup was running. At one point, I turned over and glanced up at him. I studied his face and thought to myself. This was my best friend. We used to hang out after school at my house and watch movies until late. How had things changed so suddenly? I thought of all the good mom ents we dRead MorePersonal Narrative : My Best Friend1327 Words   |  6 Pagesabout it.   She was my absolute best friend and I could not imagine living 1,300 miles away.    Growing up, we were resentful of each other.   We used words and actions to get our point across.   Not only did we slap each other, but also kicked and punched.   I cried even if it didn’t hurt, that was me being a baby.   My dad would scoop me in his arms and at the same time, discipline my sister.   It was satisfying if you had asked my 8 year old self.    Later on, Madison turned into my soul mate, as I beganRead MorePersonal Narrative : My Best Friend1192 Words   |  5 PagesWe have been best friends since elementary school and gone through a lot together, but we backed each other when it meant the most. While I waited for my flight at Regan International, I called Elizabeth and invited her to my place for a late dinner. I missed her and looked forward to spend time with her. *** As 8 o’clock grew near, my excitement to spend a girl s-night-in with Liz increased. So much has developed since we last chat. Therefore, when I heard the knock on my front door, I

Monday, May 18, 2020

Major Issues Of Special Education - 1683 Words

Major Issues in Special Education The Special Education system is widely known throughout the United States as a helpful resource for people with learning disabilities. It is made so that all children have equal access to educational services that help them to be successful in the classroom. We have come a long way from 1975, when Special Education became mandatory due to United States Congress passing the Education for All Handicapped Children Act (EAHCA) which was a result of the discriminatory treatment by public schools against students with disabilities. Although, the passing of the EAHCA did not end all of the discriminatory treatment, it was the beginning of a long battle for equality in the classroom. Today, students in Special Education face many different obstacles that prevent them from reaching their full potential in the classroom. Are educators doing enough to help these students overcome obstacles and is there enough resources available for students in special education to succeed? What have we accompl ished in 40 years, since special education first came about? Many factors come into play to determine whether or not a child in special education can succeed in the classroom. Some of these factors include: school climate, teacher quality, family and community engagement, effective leadership, and efficient use of learning time. But what issues seem to be affecting children the most today? One of the most widely known issues that seem to be affecting allShow MoreRelatedEducation Is Not Preparation For Life1354 Words   |  6 PagesEducation: The Key to Success â€Å"Education is not preparation for life; education is life itself.† If one accepts the quote by John Dewey to be true, then depriving someone of their education is depriving them of their life. Throughout the centuries, human beings have sought educational freedom. The United States of America has become a symbol for all who seek life, or education rather. Millions of people come to the United States, from less privileged countries, each year in hopes for a better educationRead MoreEducation Is Not Preparation For Life1350 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"Education is not preparation for life; education is life itself.† If one accepts the quote by John Dewey to be true, then depriving someone of their education is depriving them of their life. Throughout the centuries, human beings have sought educational freedom. The United States of America has become a symbol for all who seek life, or education rather. Millions of people come to the United States, from less privileged countries, each year in hopes for a better education that is coupled with aRead MoreDiscipline in High School and Elementary Education Essay1209 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿ Discipline in High School and Elementary Education Grand Canyon University: SPE-350 January 10, 2014 When it comes to special education, discipline is a major concern in this area because many students are incessantly being expelled for their behavior issues that are caused by their disabilities. With the previous law students were excluded from school and received long suspension time because of their behavioral problems but when the new law was passed in 2004 students thatRead MoreHandbook Of Leadership And Administration For Special Education992 Words   |  4 PagesLeadership and Administration for Special Education. New York, NY: Routledge. Text Purpose The authors have organized this handbook into five sections that address critical issues in special education leadership. The first section focuses on general topics related to leadership for learning. These areas include the importance of raising the performance of all students in an era of accountability, historical and conceptual issues in leading and administrating special education, professional leadership standardsRead MoreEducation, Religion, Crime, Freedom Of Speech, Or Search And Seizure Essay1290 Words   |  6 PagesToday there are many court cases in the United States that occur all the time. There are a number of topics that go to court, whether its education, religion, crime, freedom of speech, or search and seizure. The court case I have chosen is a case based on education. In this essay, I will discuss the major parts of the court case, its impact on education and why future teachers need to be aware of the legal decision of this case. My court case I picked is the Pennsylvania AssociationRead MoreTaking a Look at Special Education879 Words   |  4 Pages Special education is an ethically and politically complex area of professional education (Paul, French, Cranston-Gingras, 2001). Critics have claimed that special education does not benefit student with disabilities and should be renounced for ethical reasons (Gartner Lipsky, 1989). Others assert that special education is unethical because it stigmatizes and segregates minority students and violates the rights of children (Grossman, 1998; Granger Granger, 1986). On the other hand, proponentsRead MoreSpecial Education: a Look at the History1279 Words   |  6 PagesSpecial Education: A Look at the History Tracy Len Baier November 23, 2011 Abstract The purpose of this paper is to address the historical landmarks and legislation that have formed and created our current special education system. We will take a journey from the start of public education and its exclusion of special needs students to the current push for inclusion of all students learning within a general education classroom. The author will also share some of the pros and cons ofRead MoreRti Is A Major Aspect Of Education796 Words   |  4 Pagesthe chance to intervene in children’s education before they fall farther behind in school. RTI is a major aspect of education today. It assists the teachers in identifying issues before they become major issues in education. RTI impacts many areas of the children’s educational experience. It not only can be used to fix academic issues, but also behavioral issues. There are three tiers (levels) to RTI. Tier one includes all students in the general education classroom. These children are followingRead MoreThe Importance Of A Child s Race Essay1370 Words   |  6 Pagescan influence whether or not that he or she will be misidentified as needing special education. Disproportionality refers to the overrepresentation and under- representation of particular demographic groups in special education programs in relation to the overall student population (Disproportionality, 2008). Disproportionality can impact and have negative effects on a child throughout their entire education. This issue applies to various subgroups, but this paper will focus specifically on the overrepresentationRead MoreIssues Of Multicultural Education / Special Education844 Words   |  4 Pages Issues in Multicultural Education/Special Education In our local school district, there is a main issue with having better support in Special education and Teachers leaving there position. To enforce more help and compassion from others will start with proper teaching and committing to it, along with having more support from the parents. Children in special education are the same as any other child, but involves more needs to be met in order to help these children along the learning process.

Tuesday, May 12, 2020

Critical thinking traits are parts of a person’s...

Critical thinking traits are parts of a person’s character. Many critical thinking traits are difficult to acquire to a full degree, or to act in a consistent way. As thinkers, we can improve in each of these traits and can develop these traits over time. Being able to fully consider yourself as a critical thinker, developing all of these traits must occur. These character traits can somewhat be difficult to overcome or to improve on certain traits. The two traits, confidence in reason and intellectual perseverance stand out to me the most based on current experiences. Confidence in reason is the habitual tendency to trust reflective thinking to solve problems and making decisions by thinking their way through questions and issues to†¦show more content†¦Personally, I think I do very well in making sure that I am having confidence in reason and not basing my decisions or thoughts based on other people’s influences and without me knowing definitely that she had taken the money. On the other hand, the one trait that I need to improve most on is intellectual perseverance. Intellectual perseverance is sticking with important intellectual tasks until a reasonable conclusion as been reached. To start off with, I am a very impatient person. So when I have to wait long periods of time to get to a conclusion or a plan of action, I start getting this feeling of just not caring and just giving up. For example, in our management class, we worked in small groups to write a ten-page research paper on effective communication. Each member was responsible for looking up two sources and create an outline based on their research that they had received. The night before it is due on Monday, we met as a group to pull all of the information and findings together to create this paper. Well, come to find out, two out of the four group members did not do any research. Going into this meeting, I thought this would be something easy to complete and get through fair ly quickly. So, instead of working towards putting our paper together, I had to help my group members find research. This is when my lack of patience kicks in and just want to complete the member’s part myself so we getShow MoreRelatedEthics in Education1245 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"Ethics in Education† Learning Team B Gen300 Dr. Athalene Mc Nay 4-20-2008 I. What is ethics? A. A definition of ethics. B. How are ethics used in education? II. Integrity is part of ethics in education. A. A definition of integrity. B. Trust relationship is essential in ethics in education. C. Academic integrity is a mutual responsibility. D. There is cheating and academic responsibility within the education system. E. Phony schools, diploma mills and false credentials are aRead MoreTheories Of Organizational Succession Planning Essay1327 Words   |  6 Pagestheories include Trait Theory, Path-Goal Theory, Game Theory and Leadership Model Theory. (A) Trait Leadership Theory Trait leadership theory suggests that all leaders are born with or display certain key personality characteristics. Certain characteristics are particularly suited to leadership. People who make good leaders have a sufficient combination of these character traits. Most of the time the traits are considered to be naturally part of a person’s personality. Hence, leadership trait theory tendsRead MoreThe Naivety of Holden Caulfield and America Exposed in The Catcher in the Rye1406 Words   |  6 Pagesthe critical lack of the incandescent wisdom and maturity it needed in order for peace to prevail. In J.D. Salinger’s The Catcher in the Rye, the young character named Holden Caulfield displayed an image of naivety that shadowed the immature lifestyles of 1950’s America and served as a critique towards this nation for the lack of wisdom reflected in the course of our actions. As America slowly began molding into the creases of different values and cultures, so did its literature. One trait thatRead MoreThe Between Good Science And Pseudoscience1491 Words   |  6 PagesFor example, many established psychics made lucrative predictions at the start of the 21st century, like the advancement of technology to the point of a literal â€Å"TV dinner,† where a person would be able to get a meal by the next commercial in their own homes. In addition, psychics and astrologers haven’t used their â€Å"abilities† to solve crimes with the police. Not to mention that the nonscientific community as a whole neglected to predict tragedies like September 11th. 3. Are â€Å"critical thinkers† alwaysRead MoreThe Common Core State Standard For Language Arts3444 Words   |  14 Pagesin order to be prepared for their academic and professional futures according to the North Carolina Department of Public Instruction. They add that some of these skills include, but are not limited to critical thinking skills, literacy skills and analytical skills. Current process, for the most part, do help establish a framework for keeping materials relevant to the maturity level of students. However, if students or parents feel as if their values or beliefs don’t line up with current standardsRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book Black Hearts 1557 Words   |  7 Pagescompany, which only put them under the microscope and in the iron sights of LTC Kunk even more. The loss of men, feelings of neglect, stress of combat, and ultimate fear led the majority of the men in 1st platoon to excessive drinking, irrational thinking, and poor decision making. The climactic decision that led to the murder of the Iraqi Janabi family and rape of Abeer Qassim al-Janabi by PFC Steven Green, PFC Jesse Spielman, SPC Paul Cortez, and SPC James Barker was a decision that was made underRead MoreLeadership Traits3611 Words   |  15 PagesCharacter and Traits in Leadership Managers are people who do things right, while leaders are people who do the right thing. — Warren Bennis, Ph.D.  On Becoming a Leader Building Excellence Leaders do not command excellence, they build excellence. Excellence is â€Å"being all you can be† within the bounds of doing what is right for your organization. To reach excellence you must first be a leader of good character. You must do everything you are supposed to do. Organizations will not achieve excellenceRead More Rape Fantasies by Margaret Atwood Essay1653 Words   |  7 Pagesthe conversation, we find she is a game player both outwardly in playing bridge and in her relationship with herself. I like to guess a persons age and then look it up to see if Im right. I let myself have an extra pack of cigarettes if I am. (31). This example of Estelles competitiveness is expressed in three other ways in the story. First, in her critical interpretation of Gretas and Chrisseys fantasies. Estelle says to her friend/reader that she is aware that Gretas fantasy rapist cameRead MoreThe Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn By Mark Twain1455 Words   |  6 PagesHistory has pro ven itself again and again with the simple fact that social classes dictate how human lives are treated. The major aspects in life are directly impacted by what social class someone is in. This dictates many things including who this person affiliates himself with and what kind of quality life that person will live. This is very evident in Antebellum South. Slavery is at its peak in this time, and half the population are slaves. In the book, The Adventures of Huckleberry FinnRead MorePersonality Analysis : Personality Isp2813 Words   |  12 Pagesofficial definition of personality, throughout my research process I have found that the broad spectrum of this subject cannot possibly be contained in such a short phrase. A person’s character is who they are, and ultimately, the foundation upon which their life is made. Unsurprisingly, this topic has piqued the interest of many people. The science behind how personalities are created, developed, and changed is an intriguing matter that I could not help but desire to know more about. The most prevalent

Wednesday, May 6, 2020

Main Causes of Why People Become Homelessness Essay

Homelessness Definition Homelessness is the condition and social category of people who having no home or permanent place, because they cannot afford or unable to maintain a regular and safe shelter. Causes There are three main causes why people are homelessness. The first reason is housing. There is increasing evidence that a growing number of homebody in the private rental market are in housing stress. For example, many people pay more than 35 percent of their income on renting house. In addition, some people get a low salary from their job. As the result, they cannot pay to own house. The second reason of homelessness is abused children. Many of the street children escape from home because they were beaten by their parents. Moreover,†¦show more content†¦In addition, children suffer from abusing. They might suffer from detaining illegally, beaten and sometimes is killed by police in some countries. Moreover, street children have job which is going to pick rubbish. They sift through the garbage in order to collect recyclable materials and firewood. It may hurt their body. The last destructive effect of homelessness is on people’s health. People who are homelessness not only underweight, but growth has been impeded. For example, it is very common to mistake a 12 years old child for 8 years old. Street people do not have enough clothes to wear or food to eat, and have skin disease, malnutrition, and mental illness when they are older. They also cannot receive medical treatment. In addition, it is bad for homeless people’s body. Sometimes they might attack others, maybe someone learns to drug and stole. Similarly, it is harmful for people’s psychology. They will become violent, selfish and criminal justice. In conclusion, education, children’s life and health are three vital effects of homeless people. Solutions There are three solutions of homelessness for three areas. First of all, the most important of solution is housing. Government should offer affordable housing assistance. For example, the long-time affordable housing should be provided for homeless families. â€Å"Housing first† is not only a watchword, but also is a good way to reduce street homelessness. Moreover, affordable housingShow MoreRelatedHelping The Homeless Is A Worthy Cause1502 Words   |  7 Pagesnothing? Some people, the majority of the time, tend to just walk by without helping, and this is what makes the homeless population relatively large. Many people are affected globally by homelessness, and the population gets larger yearly. Not only does homelessness affect adults, but it also affects teenagers, and sometimes even children. Eventually after people live a homeless life for a while, they begin to develop mental illnesses and life threatening diseases. This is why it is importantRead MoreWhat Causes Homelessness? The United States Of America884 Words   |  4 PagesWhat causes homelessness? Homelessness is a major problem in the United States of America. Homelessness is a state in which people do not have a place to stay in for a period of time and are always spending their time on the streets. From a teenage eluding a bad environment, to an elderly citizen on a fine tuned income that is not enough to cover a rent or the tax increase, to a child whose parents lost their job out of nowhere and became unemployed are what leads to homelessness (â€Å"Homelessness ResourceRead MoreWhy Do People Become Homelss1750 Words   |  7 PagesM1 ASSIGNMENT WHY PEOPLE BECOME HOMELESS AND WHY IT DOESN’T STOP LAVERNA MOORER ARGOSY UNIVERSITY Abstract This paper is going to present to you why people become homeless and why it does not stop Homelessness is a problem that have getting out of hands because of not addressing the situation on time. The focus is not so much the why but, if it will ever stop. Homelessness is a phenomenon that has so much to address research has been done; it was discover that for our government to concentrateRead MoreHomelessness : A Serious Social Problem1464 Words   |  6 PagesHomelessness is a serious social problem in most American cities. Homeless people are those who sleep in the open air or in provisional accommodation such as shelters or hotels, have no settlement after expulsion or release from jail or hospital, or dwell provisionally with relatives or friends on account of shortage of housing (Crane et al. 154-155). American economy has developed very fast since 1980s, but homeless population has been increasing. They seem to be seen here and there in public placeRead MoreSocial Problem Hom elessness1065 Words   |  5 PagesApplication Social Problem Research: Homelessness Homelessness is becoming a major social issue in the United States, with many poor families and young people ending up in the street because of several reasons. This condition is leaving many people helpless in the streets and the number keep on rising on a daily basis. Cities like Detroit and New York are among the most populous with poor families and homeless people, making it important for government and other social agencies to find urgent solutionRead MoreCauses Of Homelessness1405 Words   |  6 Pagesand behavioral needs. The information they all share in common are the factors why a specific type of population became homeless. The interrelation of homelessness and mental illness are informed by many factors such as; the lack of support, extreme poverty, substance abuse, lack of affordable health insurance, and lack of affordable housing. The homeless population shares different struggles when dealing with homelessness and mental illnesses because there are not enough resour ces for them to be ableRead MoreHealth Issues Among The Homeless Population1450 Words   |  6 Pagesreasons behind homelessness and the society’s perception. According to the National Coalition for the Homeless an individual experiencing homelessness fall into one of the three categories such as, chronic, transitional or episodic homelessness. Medicine or treatment for homeless individuals seeking medical attention, are not as accessible compared to non-homeless individuals due to the culture and rough life style. Neglecting proper housing and health care to underprivileged people is inhumane andRead MoreHomelessness In Canada Essay1202 Words   |  5 Pageswhat homelessness means, it is someone who is not able to live in a stable residence because of financial or psychological problems, so they are forced to live on the streets or put themselves on the streets, because they feel it would be a better fit. Homelessness in Canada is a very large and concerning issue because of the growing population. We need to ask our selves what causes homelessness, why are so many youth involved with homelessness and what can we change so that the homelessness problemRead MoreThe Problem Of Homelessness Among Veterans1566 Words   |  7 PagesHomelessness among veterans is a highly disregarded issue that doesn’t seem to be improving on its own. In many cases, homelessness is out of the veteran’s control, so the question that is being asked is; why so many veterans are homeless and what can everyone, including the veterans, can do about this significant and overlooked problem. This question is essential to finding the solution since it looks at this situation from both sides of the problem: It not only finds ways that the noncombatantsRead MoreHomelessness : Difficulty Escaping Poverty1321 Words   |  6 PagesArjan Singh Mrs. Woolcock English IV-CP May 19 2016 Homelessness: Difficulty Escaping Poverty A homeless person is someone who lacks housing, including an individual who lives in a supervised public or private facility (What Is the Official Definition of Homelessness?). Being homeless means not having a place to call home, not having a stable income. It is not just individuals that can be homeless. There are millions of families living in poverty and on the streets all around the world, contrary

Impact of Illegal Drug Use Among Teens Free Essays

string(171) " use for eighth graders and a 3% increase for tenth graders and is an indication that marijuana use will likely continue to climb as these kids move closer to graduation\." For over one hundred years, the United States has been dealing with the use and abuse of illegal drugs. The federal government has spent billions of dollars since 1906 trying to stop the production, distribution, possession and use of drugs. The war on drugs has been long and costly with minimal progress made. We will write a custom essay sample on Impact of Illegal Drug Use Among Teens or any similar topic only for you Order Now Although the use of illegal drugs among teenagers has reduced, their abuse of prescription drugs has risen substantially. Drug use is a very serious problem among school age and college-age individuals and is present on every campus across this country. Even though the war on drugs is ongoing, the government’s efforts to reduce drug trafficking has had little effect on the use or abuse of illegal drugs among teenagers. Drug abuse continues to plaque our nation, causing destruction along its path, there seems to be no escape from this alarming trend. The most important challenge for drug policy is to reverse these dangerous trends. Illegal drugs are easily accessible; they are in our homes, schools, businesses and even in the jails and prisons. They affect most people in this nation in some form or another, whether abusing them themselves or knowing someone who does or has abused them. The use of drugs early among teens is especially dangerous, and often lead to unproductive, unhealthy behavior. Involvement in criminal justice system, juvenile delinquency, premature sexual activity (which exposes them to sexually transmitted diseases and increase the risk of unwanted pregnancies), are all associated with the use of illegal drugs. The staggering cost for unnecessary health care, auto accidents, crimes resulting from drug use and extra law enforcement has caused even more damage to an already failing economy. If the government is to move forward in its attempt to fight the war on drugs, it has to create effective drug policies and develop better programs to stop the onset of initial drug use. Informing today’s youth about the dangers of illegal drugs will prove far more beneficial than simply using scare tactics with harsher penalties. A key component in the fight to save the children from drugs is effective drug education. The Narconon drug curriculum will teach them why they should say â€Å"NO†, by helping them understand the lasting damage of drugs. In tackling the teenage drug problem, first, we have to determine what some of the risk factors are that may have led them down that path from the beginning. How a child interacts in various settings like at school, with teachers, their peers, siblings, parents and in their neighborhood can play a crucial role in their emotional, social and cognitive development. If they begin to act out in the class, fail classes, have poor social coping skills, begin to associate with the wrong crowd and change in overall perception about things they know are wrong like lying, drugs, crimes, etc. These are all red flags and should be investigated and addressed immediately. You have to try talking with them or taking them to see a professional to find out what is wrong, if possible, change their environment, place them around positive peers, get them involved in sports, church, social clubs. Do whatever it takes to prevent things from spiraling out of control, utilize all your resources. Try to let the child know you are there and that you care about what they are going through, this could make all the difference, in whether or not you reach them. If parents read, educate themselves of the dangers in using drugs, then and only then will they be able to teach their children how to getting involved in drug use. To compile enough research for a well-rounded paper sites like; the Office on National Drug Control Policy, National Institute on Drug Abuse, the Internet, ProQuest, and the Ashford Online Library were used. These sites along with others sources contained an abundance of information, enough data to create an informative paper. This research pointed out the social and health cost of illicit drug use, and further identified that drug-related illness, death and crime, cost the nation over one hundred billion dollars a year. The Drug Abuse Warning Network (DAWN) reports, of the 263,871 emergency department visits by adolescents age 12-17, nearly one tenth (8. 8 percent) involved suicide attempts, almost three of every four (72. 3 percent) were females. Of the 95. 4 percent drug-related suicides pharmaceuticals were involved and more than three-fourths (77. 0 percent) ended with follow-up care (SAMHSA, 2008). The greatest cost of all drug abuse is paid in the lost of human lives, either directly through overdose, or drug abuse-related diseases such as tuberculosis, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and hepatitis. (NIDA NIAA, 1992). It was important to conduct this research to make readers aware of just how bad society is failing the youth of this nation. The United States government cannot do it by itself. This is a national problem and it is going to take a nation to solve it, everyone has to help or this fight will be forever lost. After an almost ten- year decline, marijuana is on the rise again among teens. High school seniors reported that they smoked pot more than cigarettes according to the National Institute on Drug Abuse recent â€Å"Monitoring the Future† survey. While 21. 4% admitted to using marijuana in the last 30 days, only 19. 2% smoked cigarettes during the same time frame. This was the first time since 1981 that pot was used more than cigarettes in that age group. Although the public health campaigns to reduce cigarette smoking among teens consider this a victory, its decline can mainly be contributed to the rise of marijuana use. Many kids seem to feel that smoking pot is simply â€Å"not that big of a deal†, after all, it is only pot; even eighth graders do not believe the risk is that great. This type of attitude explains why there is a 1% increase of daily use for eighth graders and a 3% increase for tenth graders and is an indication that marijuana use will likely continue to climb as these kids move closer to graduation. You read "Impact of Illegal Drug Use Among Teens" in category "Papers" About one out of four seniors and one in four tenth-graders said they smoked marijuana in the last year. Obama administration’s drug czar, Gil Kerlikowske, blames state medical marijuana measures like California’s Proposition 19 for making pot seem less dangerous to young Americans. â€Å"Calling marijuana ‘smoked medicine’ is absolutely incorrect, young people have taken the wrong message† (Healy, 2010, p. A-10). According to the director of the National Institute on Drug Abuse, Dr. Nora Volkow, because teenager’s brains are still developing the increased daily use of marijuana is particularly disturbing, since it has been known to cause learning and memory damage. The fact that they use marijuana more frequently puts them at a greater risk of becoming dependent on it and other drugs. The use of the club drug Ecstasy has increased among eighth- and tenth graders but not all drugs showed an increase. The abuse of the prescription pain medication Vicodin was down to 8% compared to 9. 7% in 2009 and the illicit use of opioid painkiller OxyContin rose among tenth-graders but remained steady with twelfth- graders. The use of drugs prescribed for attention deficit disorder, (ADHD) for non- medical reasons in the last year among high school seniors is 6. % and is about the same for amphetamines use (Healy, 2010). One of the latest growing teenage trends, which centers on the sampling of a variety of prescription drugs and then drinking alcohol is causing much concern. Kids feel that prescription drugs are safer than street drugs, because they are prescribed by a doctor and are usually purchased in a drug store. This is simply not true; they actually are more powerful which makes them even more dangerous especially when adding alcohol to the mix. Nora Volkow, says, â€Å"Kids are not pharmacologists, they may say, Fentanyl OxyContin- what’s the difference? So they take a bunch of things and may combine them with alcohol, that is a deadly miscalculation† (Jetters, A, 2010-2011, p. 146). To achieve feelings of euphoria, the amount of opioid painkillers needed is so close to the amounts that can kill you. If you add alcohol or tranquilizers like Klonopin, Valium, Xanax, which also depresses the brains respiratory center. Just one gin and tonic combined with a 40 mg methadone pill can be fatal. They are playing a very dangerous game of Russian roulette, one that they clearly do not understand. When you think of drugs and how they got into the United States, most of us think about them coming from another country, like maybe Mexico or somewhere in South America. However, more now than ever we need look no further than our own medicine cabinets. The days of taking an aspirin or Tylenol for a headache, backache or toothache are long gone. We can now look in our medicine cabinets and choose from a variety of powerful leftover painkillers previously prescribed to us for various aches and pains. For over the past twenty years, four times the number of opioid prescriptions was written. Doctors prescribed them at a rate of more than 180 million per year. By providing patients with enough medication to ease their pain, doctors believe it aids in the healing process and allows the patient to focus on getting well and not on the pain. This type of rationale may have caused doctors to over medicate, thereby prescribing painkillers for even the slightest pain. Painkillers like Vicodin, OxyContin, and Percocet are even prescribed to children that have barely reached adolescence. This may explain why they are the most abused pills among 12 and 13- year- olds (Jetters, A, 2010-2011, p. 148). Dentist and oral surgeons are prescribing opioid for simple procedures like molar extractions. In addition, the kids are being sent home with way more pills than they need. Yes, kids feel pain just like adults however; doctors cannot simply prescribe these potent drugs and then forget how long and how many pills the kids are taking, that is a recipe for disaster. If your children are prescribed these or any medication for that matter, be sure to monitor their usage. You should count them and if there is cause for concern, take them and store them in a secure place under lock and key and dispense the correct amount to them yourself. You must be sure to properly dispose of all expired or unused medication, take every precaution when doing so. Many experts are now advising people not to flush them in the toilet because it may pollute the water. If you throw them in the trash, place them in a bag mixed with cat litter, coffee grounds or anything that will discourage your kids from looking for them. Talk to other parents and family members, especially if your child visits their homes often; advise them to safeguard their prescription drugs as well. Check around your community to see if there is a prescription pill- drop off point. More towns are sponsoring these sites to assist in disposal of medicines in hopes of possibly cutting back on teenage drug use. As parents, you must realize that you play a big role in how your children view prescription drugs and whether or not they will end up abusing them. Many teenagers believe that parents will be less concerned or upset if they are caught misusing prescription drugs because, after all they are legal. A clear message needs to be sent to them, letting them know that you do care if they illegally use prescription drugs just as you would if they abused any other illicit drug. It is important that they know if they are in trouble they can come to you for help regardless of what the problem is, even drugs. Pill popping is so popular among kids because the high is not instantly detected like marijuana and alcohol. It is definitely easier to buy pills than beer, you do not have to wait for the store to open or need a person twenty- one over to purchase them. Pills and money are easily be exchanged by a handshake, at school or other public places without ever being noticed. You do not need a bottle, can, glass, rolling paper, a match or a pipe; all you do is place that one small white pill in your mouth that is it. On the other hand, marijuana and alcohol both have very distinctive smells and are detected almost immediately. However, if he or she has taken prescription drugs you do not usually notice it right away unless their behavior has changed erratically. Although alcohol use maybe down, it remains popular among teens and cannot be taken lightly. Over the years, it has had a devastating impact on teenagers; more than eight young people a day die from fatal car crashes or re fatally injured due to alcohol- related accidents. Because so many households have alcohol, it is easy for children to begin drinking at an early age. The younger the child is when he begins consuming alcohol the more likely he is to increase his alcohol intake. The more he drinks the greater his chances are of using other drugs in the future, which is why alcohol along with mar ijuana has always been believed to be a gateway drugs. Parents should beware, more kids are trying whatever they can get their hands on to get high. Isobutyl nitrite is a volatile liquid solid without a prescription for use as a room deodorizer but commonly used as an inhalant to produce a euphoric feeling (Peary Schwartz, 1986). It causes dizziness, lightheadedness, blurred vision and pounding heart, these symptoms can make them really sick. Nevertheless, kids appear to believe this method of getting high along with experimentation with other drugs is the norm. As this research, progressed, other dangerous drugs were introduced, and now that we have learned more about them and the various ways they are being used; we are better equipped to help fight the war on drugs. Informing the minds of our youth so they can reason more clearly on the subject of alcohol and other drugs is a vitally important way to curtail addiction down the road. Children who never start abusing drugs will never become addicts in need of drug recover. As the government continues its war on drugs, society must begin theirs. This great nation is equipped with a vast amount of resources to assist in this endeavor; therefore, every effort should be made to do whatever is necessary to ensure the youth of today will be around for tomorrow. How to cite Impact of Illegal Drug Use Among Teens, Papers

Cqi Research Paper free essay sample

CQI Research Paper Dawna J. Krause National American University Abstract The focus of this paper is on the study of continuous quality improvement (CQI) as it is applied to the Joint Commission national safety goals. Particularly the use of medications safely goal (NPSG. 03. 06. 01), this goal reads: record and pass along correct information about the client’s medicines. Find out what medications they are taking, compare them to new medications that they are prescribed and make sure the client knows what to take. By having a more up to date electronic medical record and charting system we can improve the client care within the home. Often the information that is needed is back in the office or another nurse is caring for the client than normal would. In this paper it is of importance that we resolve this problem with a more efficient electronic record to better care for our client’s each and every time we are in the home whether our own client or one of a fellow nurse we are helping out. We will write a custom essay sample on Cqi Research Paper or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page CQI Research Paper Overview Improving quality healthcare services requires strengthening various elements of the services we provide for our clients. One of these is how we store and receive information about our clients (AlNotee, 2003). By using health informatics, we can do just that. Health informatics gives us the knowledge and the skills that we need to collect, manage and share information in the healthcare system as well as promote our clients health (AlNotee, 2003). We can use the continuous quality improvement (CQI) model to help us get what we need to improve client care. Introduction In the CQI process, we need to plan, do, study and act on whatever it is we are trying to improve (Statit, 2007). In this case, we are trying to improve our charting system to involve less use of paper and more online charting so that all the pertinent information is right at our fingertips each time we are in a client’s home doing their cares. The first step of the process is plan. In this step, we need to collect data and establish a baseline of our current process. We also need to identify problems and possible causes and prioritize corrective actions. One of the problems is that we spend a lot of extra time when we have to do an admit. We go into the client’s home and fill out what is referred to as an OASIS (Outcome and Assessment Information Set), then we need to go back to the office and plug all the information into the computer. Another problem is that all of our client assessments are charted on paper and when we go to the client’s house the next time, we have nothing to refer to. This can cause problems when we need to refer back to previous week’s information for the client. Lastly, during the admit, one of the quality indicators that we need to do for Medicare is to review the clients medications and determine any drug to drug interactions. These interactions occur when the effects of one drug are altered by administering another drug (Humphries, 2007). We can correct some of these problems by establishing an electronic medical record for each client and incorporating a drug program that will give all the drug to drug interactions when the client’s medication list is entered. One other corrective action that can be taken is that of each nurse would need to have a laptop computer to enter the information into while in the home as well as access all other client records to know their baseline. The next step of the process is â€Å"do†. In this step we need to make the changes to our current system to improve the client care. First of all, we would need to get a few new laptops because not everyone currently has one. The next would be to purchase a computer program and put it into place. This program would have some of our current programs such as haven. This is a program that all the Medicare quality indicators are placed into. Another program that we would need to continue with is Solomon. With this program, we have access to the client service agreements that are scanned in at the home office. These service agreements are from the county in which the client receives care and tells us exactly how much service the client can have in any given month and not have to pay out of pocket. The new program we would need is that for charting or an electronic medical record and also a drug to drug interaction program. One of the new programs components could be that of the e-485. This is an electronic plan of care for home care nurses that promote physician involvement (Callahan, 2007). Once these are all into place it is essential that all the staff is properly trained on how to use the programs.

Sunday, May 3, 2020

Pain Management in the Elderly Population

Question: Discuss about the Pain Management in the Elderly Population? Answer: Several studies have been carried out to study differences in pain perception due to differences in ethnicity and gender. Ethnic groups share a common ancestry and cultural beliefs and have a group identity. In a review that has analysed studies on pain and its dependence on ethnic difference pain intensity experienced by people of Italian descent has been found to be greater than people from other ethnic groups. The measurement of pain was based on the McGill Pain Questionnaire's total pain rating index. (Edwards, 2012). Another study that evaluated back pain among older patients found that pain reported by Italian men was more severe than that reported by Australian men in Australia. The occupation and level of education received by the subjects also played a role in the perception of pain. (Stanaway FF1, 2011). These two instances support the higher rate of complaints related to pain by the Italian patient referred in the given case study. Another study has studied the extent of relief experienced by patients of different ethnicities on receiving treatment for pain. Due to higher levels of pain experienced by an ethnic group the effect of analgesics and the relief from pain were higher than the majority group in this study (Brian Merry, 2011). That gender plays an important role in experiencing pain has become evident in recent decades. Women are more likely to have a higher sensitivity for pain than men. The chances for clinical pain experienced by women is also higher than in men. The biological mechanisms of how pain is experienced seem to play a role and so do psychosocial factors. Sex hormones, genes and psychology considerably affect the mechanism of pain (Fillingim, 2013). Given this background it is highly likely for women such as Mrs. G. to feel pain more than her male counterparts facing a similar medical condition(Mogil, 2012). Her ethnicity and the fact that she belongs to a minority ethnic group may also contribute to a pain perception that is greater than that experienced by people native to the country. Age also plays a role in increased perception of pain. Being old and dependent can cause the patient to feel more pain due to a sense of helplessness. Nursing professionals are more likely to assess pain and take decisions about the need for medication based on the knowledge of ethnicity and gender of the patients. This may induce a bias in the decision regarding medication (Wandner LD1, 2014)(Phelan SM1, 2015). e. Since Mrs G is distressed and in pain. Her perception of pain could be greater because she feels helpless and owing to her advanced age may be lonely. The heightened sense of pain may be an outcome of depression (Alan D. Kaye, 2010). She has complained of pain due to the pneumonia that she is suffering from, her perception of her environment at the hospital depends on the empathy and participation in the care environment that she experiences. Clean surroundings, information posts and privacy and a participatory dialogue with the physician and nursing staff helps her establish a perception of confidence (LaVela SL1, 2015). A satisfied patient is more likely to think positively and this can change the way pain medication works. Psychosocial factors affect the coping mechanisms for pain in patients. This is particularly evident when placebos are administered in place of analgesics to relieve pain. A placebo is an inert substance that is therapeutic when administered in the context of the patient's medical condition. The patient's mind and body work in unison and there is an interplay of social contact with doctors and nurses besides the patient's beliefs, previous experience and manner of thinking. When a placebo is administered to alleviate pain it is an example of social interaction between the doctor and the patient. The trust that the patient has towards the doctor is the factor that helps in alleviating the pain. Relief in clinical symptoms observed following placebo interventions is observed due to physiological changes in the brain (Benedetti, 2013). The verbal communication between the doctor and patient can be directed towards altering patient's expectation of relief from the medication (Damien G Finniss, 2009). Mrs G also appears to be depressed and she may find it difficult to receive it is possible to put her at ease through communication with the nurse/carer. The communication can put the patient in a positive frame of mind and help the patient to derive more benefit from the prescribed treatment. Alleviation of pain can be achieved if the patient receives verbal inputs about how the prescribed treatment is working against the infection causing pathogen, which in Mrs G's case is pneumococcus. The simple act of listening by the nursing staff can reduce patient anxiety, fear and depression. An empathetic response to the patients questions can ease the patient's symptoms and feeling of sadness and helplessness and establish a relationship of trust that makes the patient hopeful of recovery from the medical condition. A positive mind-body change in Mrs G's case can help her recover from pneumonia and gain a positive state of mind. References: Alan D. Kaye, A. B. a. J. T. S., 2010. Pain Management in the Elderly Population: A Review. The Ochsner Journal, 10(3), p. 179187. Benedetti, F., 2013. Placebo and the New Physiology of the Doctor-Patient Relationship. Physiological Reviews, 93(3), p. 12071246.. Brian Merry, C. M. C. L. F. B. L. M. J. A. H. D. M. D. a. R. R. E., 2011. Ethnic Group Differences in the Outcomes of Multidisciplinary Pain Treatment. Journal of Musculoskeletal Pain, 19(1), p. 2430.. Damien G Finniss, M. K. N. a. F. B., 2009. Placebo Analgesia Understanding the Mechanisms and Implications for Clinical Practice. Reviews in Pain, 3(2), p. 519.. Edwards, C. M. C. a. R. R., 2012. Ethnic differences in pain and pain management. Pain Management, 2(3), p. 219230.. Fillingim, E. J. B. a. R. B., 2013. Sex differences in pain: a brief review of clinical and experimental findings. British Journal Of Anaesthesia, 111(1), p. 5258.. LaVela SL1, E. B. H. J. M. S., 2015. Patient Perceptions of the Environment of Care in Which Their Healthcare is Delivered.. Health Environments Research and Design Journal, p. 1937586715610577. Mogil, J. S., 2012. Sex differences in pain and pain inhibition: multiple explanations of a controversial phenomenon. Nature Reviews: Neuroscience, Volume 13, pp. 859-866 . Phelan SM1, H. R., 2015. Health professionals' pain management decisions are influenced by their role (nurse or physician) and by patient gender, age and ethnicity.. Evidence Based Nursing, 18(2), p. 58. Stanaway FF1, B. F. C. R. N. V. H. D. W. L. S. P. C. H. S. M. L. C. D., 2011. Back pain in older male Italian-born immigrants in Australia: the importance of socioeconomic factors.. European Journal of Pain, 15(1), pp. 70-6. Wandner LD1, H. M. L. B. H. A. G. S. H. A. A. J. T. C. R. M., 2014. The impact of patients' gender, race, and age on health care professionals' pain management decisions: an online survey using virtual human technology.. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 51(5), pp. 726-3.

Wednesday, March 25, 2020

Marginalia free essay sample

The poem, â€Å"Marginalia† is written by Billy Collins, American poet. In his poem â€Å"Marginalia† Collins expressed how notes in the margins share reading experiences with others. He addressed every reader that they must contribute by expressing their views in Margins. He used different expressions, to relate the meaning of Marginalia and its importance for every reader. â€Å"Marginalia is defined as, â€Å"marginal notes or embellishments (as in a book) or â€Å"nonessential items† (merriam-webster. com). In this poem, Billy Collins reflects his thought on the people and their important as they find certain notes in the margins of the book. Poet begins with explaining that how notes in the margin are â€Å"ferocious† and â€Å"skirmish† against the author. By these words, he means that notes in the margins are very irritating, cruel, and argumentative. These notes serve against the author as they directly challenge. Even if the reader is a philosopher like Kierkegaard, or a learned and intellectual man like Conor Cruise OBrien, these marginal notes are a challenge and threat for them, to explain more meanings and logical assumptions to the author. We will write a custom essay sample on Marginalia or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page There is another meaning by these notes in margins, which is to argue and fight against the author and philosophers of the text. In the second stanza of the poem, Billy also provides a contrasting view to enhance the importance of margins and notes. He begins with considering these notes and comments as â€Å"offhand†, â€Å"dismissive† and â€Å"nonsense†, but he soon explained the importance of such notes for the reader. Words are a link and connection between author and reader and reader always find links with the thoughts and circumstances in which the author or poet has written the text or readers have read it. â€Å"I remember once†¦ what the person must look like why wrote Dont be a ninny alongside a paragraph in The Life of Emily Dickinson. † (billy-collins. com) In the next stanza, he explained how students use margins. They keep writing notes at the margins of the page and these appear like â€Å"splayed footprints†, which provides the appearance of the footprint on seashore. It gives an idea that someone passed from here. This also provides an idea that how different readers or students, understand and read a text in a number of different ways, and how these notes acts like fans cheering for the thoughts and ideas of the author. Different â€Å"Check marks, asterisks, and exclamation points† assist and guide the reader about the text. According to Billy Collin, it is a custom, to write in margins, and if a person has never attempted this, it is the time that he or she should try it. He further adds in his next stanza that these white margins are like our property, and a platform to express our views. It is like a â€Å"parameter† that provides us opportunity to prove that we have not wasted our time or just read the text without understanding. He further gives various examples for the importance of marginalia such as along the borders of the Gospels, reading Joshua Reynolds with Blakes furious scribbling, etc. In his last stanza, he shared his experience that how these marginalia can also connect the reader with another person and the situation, in which the person read the same book. He borrowed a book, â€Å"Catcher in the Rye† from the library, and once when he was feeling lonely, he found a text written in margin â€Å"Pardon the egg salad stains, but Im in love. (billy-collins. com) In conclusion, marginalia have very important connection with the reader, apart from what author meant by the text, these marginal notes provided by different readers assist in understanding the text. Sometimes serve like footprints of old readers, sometimes like fans, Sometime these notes have no connection to the text, but these interesting margins can give enjoyment to the reader by thinking what was the situation in which the book was read previously.